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碳气凝胶凭借其高比表面积、超高孔隙率、低密度等特性而受到广泛关注。随着纤维材料研究和纳米技术的发展，采用纤维材料制备的纤维基碳气凝胶材料表现出更好的抗拉、抗压与耐疲劳等性能，丰富了碳气凝胶材料的制备途径和功能化发展。本文依据纤维基碳气凝胶材料的制备方法对其进行分类，综述了直接碳化法纤维基碳气凝胶、溶胶-凝胶法纤维基碳气凝胶、静电纺丝法碳气凝胶和三维（3D）打印纤维基碳气凝胶的制备原理、方法及研究进展；分析了多种制备方法的影响因素及其对材料功能化应用的调控作用；最后对纤维基碳气凝胶材料的发展方向进行展望，基于绿色科研发展理念，提出制备过程效率化、产品绿色化、多领域交叉功能复合化的研究思路。
Abstract：Carbon aerogels have attracted considerable attention due to their high specific surface area, ultra-high porosity, and low density. With advances in fiber materials research and nanotechnology, fiber-based carbon aerogels have demonstrated superior tensile strength, compressive resistance, and fatigue resistance compared to conventional carbon aerogels, broadening both the preparation routes and functional applications of this material family. This review classifies fiber-based carbon aerogels according to their preparation methods, and systematically summarizes the preparation principles, methods, and research progress of four categories: direct carbonization, sol-gel, electrospinning,and three-dimensional(3D) printing. The key factors influencing each preparation method and their roles in regulating the functional performance of the resulting materials are also analyzed. Finally, future development directions for fiber-based carbon aerogels are discussed. Guided by the concept of green research and development, this review proposes a research framework centered on process efficiency, product sustainability, and multidisciplinary functional integration.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.12194/j.ntu.20250828001
中图分类号:TQ427.26
引用信息:
[1]黄智杰,于彩娇,单浩如,等.纤维基碳气凝胶的制备工艺研究进展[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版),2026,25(01):71-79.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20250828001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(22408181); 南通市自然科学基金面上项目(JC2024092)
2026-01-12
2026-01-12
2026-01-12