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低频路噪是影响车内噪声的主要因素，直接决定着汽车的整车舒适性。随着电动汽车的快速发展，低频路噪问题越来越受到行业的重视。本文基于经典传递路径分析（transfer path analysis,TPA）方法对某新能源多用途汽车（multi-purpose vehicle,MPV）车内低频噪声贡献量开展试验研究，结合模态分析和工作变形分析（operational deflection shapes,ODS）方法锁定路径中的噪声问题部件。针对问题部件，通过仿真分析确定降噪设计方案为优化尾门结构、加强结构刚度，使结构的模态频率提升，进而实现问题频率的解耦，最后通过实车验证证明了优化方案的可行性。试验结果表明，某新能源MPV车型低频路噪主要贡献频率为27和43 Hz，其中：27 Hz由后悬架整体X向刚体模态和尾门一阶刚体摆动模态共同引起，通过优化尾门结构、加强刚度使尾门模态由29.2 Hz提升至32.9 Hz，实车测试车内前排噪声峰值降低4 dB(A)，后排噪声峰值降低6.4 dB(A);43 Hz主要由天幕一阶模态贡献，通过改变天幕曲面使天幕模态由37.8 Hz降至32.1 Hz，实车测试前排噪声幅值降低7 dB(A)，后排噪声幅值降低3 dB(A)。文章所提优化方案对车内噪声改善效果显著，可为车辆低频路噪开发提供参考。
Abstract：Low-frequency road noise is a primary contributor to in-cabin noise and directly affects overall vehicle comfort. With the rapid development of electric vehicles, this issue has attracted increasing attention from the automotive industry. This study conducts an experimental investigation on the low-frequency noise contribution in a new energy multi-purpose vehicle(MPV) using the classical transfer path analysis(TPA) method. By integrating modal analysis and operational deflection shape(ODS) analysis, the noise-contributing components along the transmission path are identified. For the identified components, structural optimization is performed through simulation, including tailgate reinforcement and rigidity enhancement, aiming to increase modal frequencies and decouple problematic resonance frequencies. The effectiveness of the optimization is validated through vehicle testing. Test results indicate that the main contributing frequencies are 27 Hz and 43 Hz. The 27 Hz component arises from the X-direction rigid body mode of the rear suspension and the first-order rigid swing mode of the tailgate. After optimizing the tailgate structure,its modal frequency increased from 29.2 Hz to 32.9 Hz, resulting in a 4 dB(A) noise reduction in the front row and6.4 dB(A) in the rear row. The 43 Hz component is mainly due to the first-order mode of the panoramic sunroof. By modifying its surface curvature, the modal frequency decreased from 37.8 Hz to 32.1 Hz, leading to noise reductions of 7 dB(A) in the front and 3 dB(A) in the rear. The proposed optimization strategies significantly improve interior noise performance and provide valuable references for low-frequency road noise control in vehicle design.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.12194/j.ntu.20241229001
中图分类号:U469.72;U467.493
引用信息:
[1]宾仕博,谢运和,郑伟光等.基于某新能源MPV车型低频路噪分析及优化设计[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版),2025,24(02):70-78.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20241229001.
基金信息: