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生物炭是一种原材料易获取、制备成本低的环境友好多孔材料。由于其比表面积大且含有丰富的表面功能基团，在环境污染治理和污染修复等方面具有广泛的应用前景。介绍了生物炭的制备技术和工艺，分析对比了不同制备条件对制备的生物炭性质和性能影响，综述了生物炭对环境中不同污染物的吸附固定和催化降解效果和原理。生物炭对重金属具有非常强的吸附络合能力，并且对高价态金属离子具有还原固定作用，通过吸附-还原-固定的模式，可以将重金属离子固定在生物炭上。对有机污染物的吸附主要由表面络合、氢键和π-π共价作用，生物炭及其复合材料在光照条件下能够光催化降解有机污染物。文章就生物炭对废水和土壤中重金属的吸附固定和有机污染物消减等方面的效果和应用进行了归纳总结，进一步从分子层面研究和讨论了生物炭应用于污染物去除方面的进展，为废水处理和土壤修复提供数据和理论支持，对降低污染物在环境中的迁移转化，减轻环境污染风险，具有重要的科学意义。
Abstract：Biochar is a kind of environmentally friendly porous material which can be easily synthesized at low cost and in large scale. It has a wide range of applications in environmental pollution control and pollutants′ remediation and immobilization due to its large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups. In this review, we mainly summarized the preparation of biochar, discussed the effect of preparation conditions on the properties of prepared biochar. The application of biochar in the removal of various pollutants from wastewater and soil improvement,the immobilization and elimination of different pollutants in soils, were reviewed in detail and the interaction mechanism was discussed. The removal of heavy metal ions was mainly attributed to the sorption of metal ions through the formation of surface complexes and part of metal ions could be reduced from high valence to low valence and then immobilized on biochar through adsorption-reduction-solidification strategy. The removal of organic pollutants from solution to biochar was mainly attributed to surface complexation, H bonding and π-π interaction on biochar surfaces.The organic pollutants could also be photocatalytic degraded by biochar or biochar-based materials under visible light irradiation. In conclusion, further research and discussion on the interaction mechanism of pollutant molecular with biochar at molecular level are helpful for the application of biochar in wastewater treatment and soil remediation. This review is of scientific significance for reducing the migration and transformation of pollutants in the environment and reducing the risk of environmental pollutants in the natural environment.
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基本信息:
DOI：
中图分类号:TQ127.11;X505
引用信息:
[1]汪佳玥,凌茜,张雲豪等.生物炭制备方法及其在环境污染治理中的应用研究[J],2022,21(04):1-14.
基金信息:
科技部重点研发计划项目（2017YFA0207002）;; 国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202110349027,2021R432008）