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温致变色材料作为一类重要的智能响应材料，其通过分子结构可逆变化实现对外界温度的动态响应，探究其变色机制与性能优化对拓展该材料在智能显示、温度传感器、建筑节能等领域的实际应用具有重要意义。本文综述了三组分温致变色材料的研究进展，首先阐明了由发色剂、显色剂和固体溶剂构成的协同变色体系的作用机理，重点分析了发色剂分子结构、显色剂电子转移特性和固体溶剂相变行为对材料变色温度、响应速度和稳定性的调控规律。针对现有材料在环境稳定性方面的不足，详细比较了界面聚合、原位聚合等微胶囊化技术的优劣。在应用方面，重点探讨了该材料在智能建筑、动态防伪和功能纺织品等领域的创新实践。最后指出当前研究在窄温域精准调控、多重响应设计等方面存在的不足，并提出未来应着力开发分子工程优化策略、光热协同响应体系以及环境友好制备工艺，为智能响应材料的性能突破和应用拓展提供理论支撑与技术路径。
Abstract：Thermochromic materials, as a significant class of smart responsive materials, exhibit dynamic responses to external temperature variations through reversible molecular structural changes. Investigating their chromic mechanisms and performance optimization is of great importance for expanding their practical applications in fields such as smart displays, temperature sensors, and building energy efficiency. This review summarizes recent advances in three-component thermochromic materials. The working mechanism of the synergistic coloration system, composed of color formers, color developers, and solid solvents, is elucidated. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the regulatory effects of molecular structures of color formers, electron transfer characteristics of color developers, and phase transition behaviors of solid solvents on the materials′ coloration temperature, response speed, and stability. To address the environmental stability limitations of existing materials, the advantages and disadvantages of microencapsulation techniques,such as interfacial polymerization and in-situ polymerization, are comprehensively compared. In terms of applications,innovative practices in smart buildings, dynamic anti-counterfeiting, and functional textiles are highlighted. Finally,current research shortcomings, including precise regulation within narrow temperature ranges and multi-responsive design, are identified. Future efforts should focus on developing molecular engineering optimization strategies, photothermal synergistic responsive systems, and environmentally friendly preparation processes to provide theoretical foundations and technical pathways for performance breakthroughs and application expansion of smart materials.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.12194/j.ntu.20250512001
中图分类号:TB34
引用信息:
[1]毛丽芬,肖红,代国亮,等.三组分体系温致变色材料的制备及其应用研究进展[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版),2025,24(03):82-94.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20250512001.
基金信息: