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天然蚕丝纤维具有独特的跨尺度多层级结构，其中，丝素纳米原纤（Silk Nanofibrils， SNFs）作为一维纳米级基本单元结构，直径在几十至数百纳米之间，涵盖了如氨基酸结构、纳米晶区与非晶区等复杂结构，兼具良好的生物相容性和优异的力学性能，已成为功能材料制备领域中新兴的生物基材料。本文首先介绍了蚕丝的多层级结构，并重点阐述其基本结构单元SNFs的优势与潜在应用；进而综述了自上而下和自下而上两种SNFs制备策略的研究现状，并对比分析两类策略的优缺点；在此基础上，重点介绍SNFs在生物医学、过滤材料、智能传感与能源存储等领域的功能化应用。最后，针对SNFs当前在可控制备与规模化应用中面临的挑战，展望其在多功能复合与一体化构建等方向的未来发展趋势。SNFs作为连接天然蛋白质与先进功能材料的桥梁，具有重要的研究价值与应用前景。
Abstract：Natural silk fibers possess a unique multi-scale and multi-level structure. Among them， silk nanofibrils (SNFs)， as one-dimensional nanoscale basic unit structures with diameters ranging from tens to hundreds of nanometers， encompass complex structures such as amino acid structures， nanocrystal line regions， and amorphous regions. They exhibit both good biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties， making them an emerging bio-based material in the field of functional material preparation. This article first introduces the multi-level structure of silk and focuses on the advantages and potential applications of its basic structural unit， SNFs. It then reviews the current research status of top-down and bottom-up preparation strategies for SNFs and compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two strategies. Based on this， it highlights the functional applications of SNFs in biomedical， filtration materials， intelligent sensing， and energy storage fields. Finally， in view of the current challenges faced by SNFs in controllable preparation and large-scale application， it looks forward to their future development trends in directions such as multifunctional composites and integrated construction. As a bridge connecting natural proteins and advanced functional materials， SNFs hold significant research value and application prospects.
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TS146
引用信息:
[1]陈嘉诚,詹克静,刘雨茜,等.丝素纳米原纤制备策略与功能应用的研究现状[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版)().
基金信息:
生物基纤维材料全国重点实验室开放课题基金项目(SKLBFM202505); 中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性项目(2024027)
2026-04-23
2026-04-23
2026-04-23