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为提高低合金高强钢Q890D的综合性能，分析了不同淬火温度对其组织、性能和疲劳寿命的影响机理，通过光学显微镜、硬度试验机、万能拉伸试验机、低温冲击试验机、疲劳试验机和扫描电镜对不同淬火温度（870、900、930℃）+回火工艺处理的Q890D组织性能进行研究。结果表明：当回火条件一致时（550℃回火保温2 h）,Q890D经过900℃淬火具有最优的力学性能，其抗拉强度达到1 206 MPa，规定塑性延伸强度为1 025 MPa，断后伸长率为18.5%,20、-40℃冲击功分别为229、122 J，优于国标对Q890D的要求。Q890D经过870～930℃淬火1 h+550℃回火2 h处理后，组织均为回火索氏体+少量铁素体，且保持较高的强度和韧性，所有拉伸断口均为微孔聚集型断裂。20～-30℃范围内，随着温度降低Q890D的冲击功下降较少，-30℃以下冲击功下降剧烈；韧脆转变温度均在-40～-50℃之间。3种热处理优化后的Q890D轴向疲劳循环次数分别是未优化前的1.87倍、3.47倍和2.36倍，表明870～930℃淬火1 h+550℃回火2 h热处理大幅度提高了Q890D的疲劳性能，疲劳断口瞬断区均呈现韧窝，具有较好的韧性。
Abstract：To improve the comprehensive performance of Q890D, the influence mechanism of different quenching temperatures on microstructure, properties, and fatigue life was analyzed. The microstructure and mechanical properties of Q890D low-alloy high-strength steel subjected to various quenching temperatures(870, 900, and 930 °C) and tempering processes were characterized via optical microscopy, hardness testing, universal tensile testing, low-temperature impact testing, fatigue testing, and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that when the tempering conditions were consistent(tempering at 550 ℃ for 2 hours), Q890D had the best mechanical properties after quenching at 900 ℃, with a tensile strength of 1 206 MPa, a specified plastic elongation strength of 1 025 MPa, a fracture elongation of 18.5%, and impact energies of 229 J(20 ℃) and 122 J(-40 ℃), respectively. Its performance was superior to the requirements of the national standard for Q890D. After quenching at(870～930 ℃) for 1 hour and tempering at550 ℃ for 2 hours, the microstructure of Q890D was tempered sorbite and a small amount of ferrite, and Q890D maintained high strength and toughness. All tensile fractures were microvoid coalescence features fractures. From 20 ℃to-30 ℃, the impact energy of Q890D decreased less with the temperature decreasing. The impact energy decreased sharply below-30 ℃, and ductile-to-brittle transition temperature was between-40 ℃ and-50 ℃. The axial fatigue cycle times of Q890D after heat treatment optimization were 1.87 times, 3.47 times, and 2.36 times higher than before optimization, indicating that quenching for 1 hour at 870～930 ℃ and tempering for 2 hours at 550 ℃ could significantly improve the fatigue performance of Q890D. The instantaneous fracture zone of the fatigue fracture surface showed dimples, indicating that Q890D had good toughness.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.12194/j.ntu.20241121001
中图分类号:TG142.33;TG156
引用信息:
[1]朱鹏霄,李毅,文军,等.热处理工艺对低合金高强钢Q890D组织性能的影响[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版),2026,25(02):36-42.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20241121001.
基金信息:
重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(2023NSCQ-MSX4076); 徐州工程学院科研启动项目(02900238)
2025-03-10
2025-03-10
2025-03-10