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为解决熔喷空气过滤材料捕获有害微生物后仍存在二次污染风险的问题，本研究以聚丙烯（PP）熔喷材料为基材，通过化学接枝法先后将季铵盐类抗菌剂2-二甲基-2-十六烷基-1-甲基丙烯氧乙基溴化铵（DEHMA）、丙烯酸（AA）及银（Ag）离子整理到其表面，制备了PP-DEHMA-AA与PP-DEHMA-AA-Ag 2种抗菌材料。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等多种表征手段证实了DEHMA与Ag离子的成功接枝。表征结果显示：接枝改性后，材料表面出现明显颗粒，且EDS谱图中发现了Br元素及Ag元素。然而，该改性过程并未显著改变PP熔喷材料的晶体结构，其特征衍射峰仍保持在14.1°、17.9°和22.0°处。抗菌性能测试结果表明，改性材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有优异的抗菌效果，其中PPDEHMA-AA对2种细菌的抗菌率分别为98.95%和99.15%;PP-DEHMA-AA-Ag的抗菌率进一步提升至99.43%和99.69%，且对金黄色葡萄球菌显示出更快的杀菌速率。这种增强效应归因于DEHMA的阳离子特性与Ag离子的多重抗菌机制的协同作用：DEHMA通过静电作用破坏细菌细胞膜结构，而Ag离子能够渗透细胞内部，破坏酶活性。本研究为开发高效抗菌空气过滤材料提供了可行路径。
Abstract：Melt-blown air filtration materials can capture harmful microorganisms but risk releasing them as secondary pollutants. To address this problem, polypropylene(PP) melt-blown material was used as a substrate, onto which the quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agent 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate hexadecyl bromide(DEHMA),acrylic acid(AA), and silver(Ag) ions were sequentially grafted via chemical grafting, yielding two antibacterial materials: PP-DEHMA-AA and PP-DEHMA-AA-Ag. Successful grafting was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). After modification, distinct particles appeared on the material surface, and Br and Ag elements were detected by EDS. The modification did not significantly alter the crystalline structure of the PP substrate, as its characteristic diffraction peaks remained at 14.1°, 17.9°, and 22.0°. Antibacterial tests showed that both modified materials exhibited excellent efficacy against Escherichia coli( E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus). PP-DEHMA-AA achieved antibacterial rates of 98.95% and 99.15% against the two bacteria, respectively. PP-DEHMA-AA-Ag further improved these rates to 99.43% and 99.69%, and showed a faster bactericidal rate against S. aureus. This enhancement is attributed to a synergistic effect: DEHMA disrupts bacterial cell membranes via electrostatic interactions, while silver ions penetrate cells and impair enzyme activity. This study offers a viable approach to developing high-efficiency antibacterial air filtration materials.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.12194/j.ntu.20251028001
中图分类号:TS195.5
引用信息:
[1]朱霞,曾倩茹,管可汗,等.基于DEHMA的熔喷材料抗菌改性及性能研究[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版),2026,25(01):56-62.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20251028001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52203041）; 海安南通大学高端纺织研究院概念验证项目（2025GNYZ003）
2026-01-20
2026-01-20
2026-01-20