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氧化铝(Al_2O3)纳米纤维作为一种性能优异的高温隔热材料，在航空航天、消防救援等领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，Al_2O3纤维在高温晶型转变过程中易发生晶粒快速生长，导致纤维脆化开裂，限制其实际应用。元素掺杂是抑制晶粒过度生长、改善Al_2O3基纤维膜高温柔性失效问题的有效途径。本文结合溶胶-凝胶法与静电纺丝技术，通过引入Zr、Si掺杂元素，成功制备出具有良好柔性的二维Al_2O3基纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等手段，系统研究了掺杂元素种类、掺杂比例及煅烧温度对纤维形貌与晶体结构的影响，并对纤维膜的拉伸强度、弯曲性能等力学性能进行了系统表征。结果表明，引入Zr元素掺杂可使纤维晶粒尺寸显著降低，同时提升其柔韧性，但该纤维膜经1 400℃高温煅烧后，出现晶粒粗化现象，并导致柔韧性显著下降。当掺杂元素为Si、铝硅摩尔比为6∶1时，所得Al_2O3-SiO2纳米纤维膜形貌均匀，晶体结构为稳定的莫来石相。该纤维膜在1 400℃煅烧后仍保持良好的柔性；经1 000℃煅烧后，其拉伸强度达1.03 MPa,500次弯折循环后弯曲刚度仍保持在70 mN，室温导热系数较低(0.029 9 W/(m·K))，表现出优异的综合性能。
Abstract：Alumina(Al_2O3) nanofiber membranes are promising high-temperature thermal insulation materials with broad applications in aerospace, firefighting, and rescue operations. However, rapid grain growth during phase transformation tends to cause brittle cracking, limiting their practical use. Element doping is an effective strategy to suppress excessive grain growth and improve the high-temperature flexibility of Al_2O3-based fiber membranes. In this study,two-dimensional Al_2O3-based nanofiber membranes with good flexibility were fabricated by combining sol-gel and electrospinning techniques with the incorporation of Zr and Si as dopants. Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were employed to investigate the effects of dopant type, doping ratio, and calcination temperature on fiber morphology and crystal structure. Tensile strength and flexural performance were also systematically characterized. The results show that Zr doping significantly reduces grain size and improves flexibility. However, calcination at 1 400 °C leads to noticeable grain coarsening and a marked decline in flexibility. In contrast, when Si is used as the dopant at an Al ∶Si molar ratio of 6 ∶1, the resulting Al2 O3-SiO2 nanofiber membrane exhibits uniform morphology and a stable mullite phase. This membrane retains good flexibility after calcination at 1 400 ℃. After calcination at 1 000 ℃, it achieves a tensile strength of 1.03 MPa, maintains a flexural stiffness of 70 mN after 500 bending cycles, and shows a low room-temperature thermal conductivity of0.029 9 W/(m·K), demonstrating excellent overall performance.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.12194/j.ntu.20251014001
中图分类号:TB383.2
引用信息:
[1]张梦娇,李文哲,王文强,等.柔性氧化铝基纳米纤维膜的制备及结构调控研究[J].南通大学学报(自然科学版),2026,25(01):48-55.DOI:10.12194/j.ntu.20251014001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目（52003126）; 江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目（KYCX24＿3533）
2025-10-14
2025
2025-12-12
2025-12-08
2025
1
2026-01-14
2026-01-14
2026-01-14